LOXL2

Gene Synonyms:

Protein Names:

Organism:

Homo sapiens (Human)

Mass (kDa):

86725

Length (aa):

774

Sequence:

MERPLCSHLCSCLAMLALLSPLSLAQYDSWPHYPEYFQQPAPEYHQPQAPANVAKIQLRLAGQKRKHSEGRVEVYYDGQWGTVCDDDFSIHAAHVVCRELGYVEAKSWTASSSYGKGEGPIWLDNLHCTGNEATLAACTSNGWGVTDCKHTEDVGVVCSDKRIPGFKFDNSLINQIENLNIQVEDIRIRAILSTYRKRTPVMEGYVEVKEGKTWKQICDKHWTAKNSRVVCGMFGFPGERTYNTKVYKMFASRRKQRYWPFSMDCTGTEAHISSCKLGPQVSLDPMKNVTCENGLPAVVSCVPGQVFSPDGPSRFRKAYKPEQPLVRLRGGAYIGEGRVEVLKNGEWGTVCDDKWDLVSASVVCRELGFGSAKEAVTGSRLGQGIGPIHLNEIQCTGNEKSIIDCKFNAESQGCNHEEDAGVRCNTPAMGLQKKLRLNGGRNPYEGRVEVLVERNGSLVWGMVCGQNWGIVEAMVVCRQLGLGFASNAFQETWYWHGDVNSNKVVMSGVKCSGTELSLAHCRHDGEDVACPQGGVQYGAGVACSETAPDLVLNAEMVQQTTYLEDRPMFMLQCAMEENCLSASAAQTDPTTGYRRLLRFSSQIHNNGQSDFRPKNGRHAWIWHDCHRHYHSMEVFTHYDLLNLNGTKVAEGHKASFCLEDTECEGDIQKNYECANFGDQGITMGCWDMYRHDIDCQWVDITDVPPGDYLFQVVINPNFEVAESDYSNNIMKCRSRYDGHRIWMYNCHIGGSFSEETEKKFEHFSGLLNNQLSPQ

Proteomics (Proteome ID):

Lysyl oxidase homolog 2 (EC 1.4.3.13) (Lysyl oxidase-like protein 2) (Lysyl oxidase-related protein 2) (Lysyl oxidase-related protein WS9-14)

Proteomics (Chromosome):

UP000005640

Mass Spectrometry:

N/A

Function [CC]:

Mediates the post-translational oxidative deamination of lysine residues on target proteins leading to the formation of deaminated lysine (allysine) (PubMed:27735137). Acts as a transcription corepressor and specifically mediates deamination of trimethylated 'Lys-4' of histone H3 (H3K4me3), a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation (PubMed:27735137). Shows no activity against histone H3 when it is trimethylated on 'Lys-9' (H3K9me3) or 'Lys-27' (H3K27me3) or when 'Lys-4' is monomethylated (H3K4me1) or dimethylated (H3K4me2) (PubMed:27735137). Also mediates deamination of methylated TAF10, a member of the transcription factor IID (TFIID) complex, which induces release of TAF10 from promoters, leading to inhibition of TFIID-dependent transcription (PubMed:25959397). LOXL2-mediated deamination of TAF10 results in transcriptional repression of genes required for embryonic stem cell pluripotency including POU5F1/OCT4, NANOG, KLF4 and SOX2 (By similarity). Involved in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) via interaction with SNAI1 and participates in repression of E-cadherin CDH1, probably by mediating deamination of histone H3 (PubMed:16096638, PubMed:27735137, PubMed:24414204). During EMT, involved with SNAI1 in negatively regulating pericentromeric heterochromatin transcription (PubMed:24239292). SNAI1 recruits LOXL2 to pericentromeric regions to oxidize histone H3 and repress transcription which leads to release of heterochromatin component CBX5/HP1A, enabling chromatin reorganization and acquisition of mesenchymal traits (PubMed:24239292). Interacts with the endoplasmic reticulum protein HSPA5 which activates the IRE1-XBP1 pathway of the unfolded protein response, leading to expression of several transcription factors involved in EMT and subsequent EMT induction (PubMed:28332555). Involved in E-cadherin repression following hypoxia, a hallmark of EMT believed to amplify tumor aggressiveness, suggesting that it may play a role in tumor progression (PubMed:20026874). When secreted into the extracellular matrix, promotes cross-linking of extracellular matrix proteins by mediating oxidative deamination of peptidyl lysine residues in precursors to fibrous collagen and elastin (PubMed:20306300). Acts as a regulator of sprouting angiogenesis, probably via collagen IV scaffolding (PubMed:21835952). Acts as a regulator of chondrocyte differentiation, probably by regulating expression of factors that control chondrocyte differentiation (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P58022, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16096638, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20026874, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20306300, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21835952, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24239292, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24414204, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25959397, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27735137}.

Metal Binding:

METAL 549 549 Calcium. {ECO:0000305|PubMed:29581294}.; METAL 550 550 Calcium; via carbonyl oxygen. {ECO:0000305|PubMed:29581294}.; METAL 626 626 Copper. {ECO:0000305|PubMed:29581294}.; METAL 628 628 Copper. {ECO:0000305|PubMed:29581294}.; METAL 630 630 Copper. {ECO:0000305|PubMed:29581294}.; METAL 722 722 Calcium. {ECO:0000305|PubMed:29581294}.; METAL 724 724 Calcium; via carbonyl oxygen. {ECO:0000305|PubMed:29581294}.; METAL 727 727 Calcium. {ECO:0000305|PubMed:29581294}.; METAL 728 728 Calcium. {ECO:0000305|PubMed:29581294}.

Site:

N/A

Tissue Specificity:

Expressed in many tissues (PubMed:10212285). Highest expression in reproductive tissues, placenta, uterus and prostate (PubMed:10212285). In esophageal epithelium, expressed in the basal, prickle and granular cell layers (PubMed:22204712). Up-regulated in a number of cancers cells and tissues. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10212285, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22204712}.

Disease:

N/A

Mutagenesis:

MUTAGEN 455 455 N->Q: Inhibits secretion. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:23319596}.; MUTAGEN 626 628 HRH->ARA: Abolishes oxidase activity and oxidation of trimethylated 'Lys-4' of histone H3 but does not affect secretion, interaction with SNAI1, binding to the CDH1 promoter, repression of CDH1 transcription or ability to induce EMT. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:24414204, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27735137}.; MUTAGEN 626 626 H->A: Loss of enzyme activity. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:29581294}.; MUTAGEN 628 628 H->A: Loss of enzyme activity. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:29581294}.; MUTAGEN 630 630 H->A: Loss of enzyme activity. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:29581294}.; MUTAGEN 644 644 N->Q: Inhibits secretion. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:23319596}.; MUTAGEN 653 653 K->A: Loss of enzyme activity. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:29581294}.; MUTAGEN 689 689 Y->A: Loss of enzyme activity. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:29581294}.; MUTAGEN 689 689 Y->F: Does not affect ability to inhibit keratinocyte differentiation. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22157764}.

Name:

Lysyl oxidase homolog 2 (EC 1.4.3.13) (Lysyl oxidase-like protein 2) (Lysyl oxidase-related protein 2) (Lysyl oxidase-related protein WS9-14)

Class:

Subcategory:

Recombinant

Source:

Species:

Human

Amino Acid Sequence:

Tag:

Format:

Lyophilized

Formulation:

Sterile-filtered colorless solution

Formulation Concentration:

1mg/ml

Buffer Volume:

Standard

Buffer Solution:

PBS

pH:

7.4-7.5

NaCl:

Null

EDTA:

Null

Purity:

> 98%

Determined:

SDS-PAGE

Stained:

Inquire

Validated:

RP-HPLC

Storage:

-20°C

Stability:

This bioreagent is stable at 4°C (short-term) and -70°C(long-term). After reconstitution, sample may be stored at 4°C for 2-7 days and below -18°C for future use.

Preparation:

Reconstitute in sterile distilled H2O to no less than 100ug/ml; dilute reconstituted stock further in other aqueous solutions if needed. Please review COA for lot-specific instructions. Final measurements should be determined by the end-user for optimal performance.